Turkish Airlines (ICAO: THY) is the flag carrier of Turkey, with a rich history and an extensive global network.
Turkish Airlines was founded on May 20, 1933, initially known as Turkish State Airlines (Devlet Hava Yolları) as a department of the Ministry of National Defense. In its early years, the airline focused primarily on domestic routes, operating with a modest fleet of five aircraft. The company was reorganized in 1956 and officially renamed Türk Hava Yolları A.O. (Turkish Airlines), subsequently joining the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Over the decades, it has grown from a domestic carrier into a major international player.
The airline's main hub and operational base is Istanbul Airport (IST), strategically located to connect Europe, Asia, and Africa. Turkish Airlines also utilizes secondary hubs at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, Esenboga International Airport in Ankara, and Adnan Menderes International Airport in Izmir. As of September 2025, Turkish Airlines operates a diverse fleet of 388 Airbus and Boeing aircraft, including models such as the Airbus A319, A320, A321, A321neo, A330 (various series), A350-900, and Boeing 737 (various series), 777F, 777-300ER, and 787-9 Dreamliner.
Turkish Airlines boasts an expansive route network, serving 352 destinations globally, including cargo, across Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. It holds the distinction of flying to more countries (131) than any other airline in the world. The airline is a proud member of the Star Alliance, having joined in April 2008. Turkish Airlines primarily offers two cabin classes: Business Class and Economy Class. Notable services in Business Class on long-haul flights include lie-flat seats, in-chair massage, award-winning cuisine often prepared by "flying chefs," noise-canceling headphones, and complimentary Wi-Fi. Economy Class provides comfortable seating with generous legroom, a comprehensive meal service, and in-flight entertainment systems, along with amenity kits on international long-haul flights.
Recent traveler reviews for Turkish Airlines reflect a mixed, but generally positive, sentiment, particularly regarding its in-flight services, though operational aspects at its main hub can draw criticism.
What Travelers Love:
Common Complaints:
Overall, traveler sentiment suggests that Turkish Airlines excels in its core in-flight product, particularly with its catering and cabin service, which often provides a premium experience. However, the airport experience at its main hub and aspects of ground customer service are areas that frequently lead to passenger frustration and can detract from the overall journey.
Turkish Airlines maintains a generally strong safety record, particularly in recent years, despite some notable incidents in its long history. The airline emphasizes its commitment to safety through adherence to international standards and a focus on modern fleet maintenance.
Turkish Airlines has experienced a total of 19 major accidents since its founding in 1933, resulting in 938 fatalities over a 90-year period. The most recent notable incident occurred in 2019 when a plane suffered a nose gear collapse during landing in severe wind conditions in Ukraine; all passengers and crew deplaned without injuries. While minor incidents such as bird strikes and turbulence are reported annually, these are exceptionally rare given the millions of flights operated each year. The last hijacking attempt on a Turkish Airlines flight was in 2011.
The airline holds the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit) certification, a globally recognized benchmark for airline operational safety management. Turkish Airlines has also been recognized for its health and safety measures, achieving the "Diamond" standard in the health and safety category during an assessment by the Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX) and SimpliFlying, particularly for its comprehensive hygiene protocols implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Turkish Airlines operates a comparatively young fleet, with an average age of approximately 7.5 years as of 2021, which contributes to fuel efficiency and reduced environmental impact. The airline has a strong reputation for maintenance, having established a state-of-the-art technical center at Yeşilköy Airport in 1984 capable of both light and heavy maintenance on various aircraft types.
Based on available data, Turkish Airlines is assessed as a safe airline, especially considering the vast number of passengers it transports and the extensive network it operates globally. The airline has received safety-related accolades, including the prestigious 'World Class' award from APEX for four consecutive years, which evaluates performance in categories such as Safety & Well-Being, Service-Guest Experience, and Sustainability.
| Route | Destination | Flights | Distance | Aircraft | Last Seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLM → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
426 | 315 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| ADB → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
384 | 222 mi | A321 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| COV → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
308 | 455 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| TZX → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
306 | 576 mi | B38M | Dec 10, 2025 |
| GZT → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
245 | 556 mi | B739 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| ASR → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
202 | 398 mi | B738 | Nov 8, 2025 |
| SZF → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
201 | 408 mi | A320 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| TBS → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
180 | 840 mi | A321 | Dec 11, 2025 |
| RZV → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
178 | 630 mi | A321 | Dec 9, 2025 |
| LJU → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
175 | 790 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| DIY → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
175 | 654 mi | B739 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| GYD → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
172 | 1114 mi | A21N | Dec 11, 2025 |
| EBL → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
165 | 891 mi | A21N | Dec 10, 2025 |
| AYT → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
159 | 321 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| TGD → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
159 | 494 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| GZP → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
145 | 395 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| IST → ECN |
Ercan Int'l
Nicosia
|
136 | 495 mi | B738 | Dec 3, 2025 |
| VAR → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
128 | 144 mi | B738 | Dec 11, 2025 |
| SSH → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
124 | 973 mi | A319 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| OGU → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
122 | 487 mi | A319 | Dec 11, 2025 |
| BUS → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
121 | 667 mi | B738 | Dec 10, 2025 |
| ESB → IST |
Istanbul Airport
Istanbul
|
112 | 237 mi | A21N | Dec 10, 2025 |
| ADB → ESB |
Ankara Esenboğa Havalimanı Int'l
Ankara
|
111 | 338 mi | B38M | Dec 10, 2025 |
| ADB → SAW |
Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Int'l
Istanbul
|
105 | 214 mi | B38M | Dec 10, 2025 |
| DLM → ESB |
Ankara Esenboğa Havalimanı Int'l
Ankara
|
104 | 328 mi | B38M | Dec 7, 2025 |
Airline statistics are based on flight route observations collected from FlightAware AeroAPI and other sources. Flight counts represent observed operations, not scheduled frequencies. Route data is continuously updated as new flight information becomes available.